US Currency Explained: Bills, Coins, and Who Is on Them

US bills all look similar at a glance, which surprises a lot of visitors. Here is a quick reference for the denominations and coins in everyday circulation.

$1 bill: George Washington

The most commonly circulated bill and the only widely used denomination that has kept essentially the same design for decades, partly because redesigning it would be costly for vending machines and other cash-handling equipment.

$5 and $10 bills: Lincoln and Hamilton

The $5 bill features Abraham Lincoln. The $10 features Alexander Hamilton, one of the few non-presidents (alongside Benjamin Franklin on the $100) to appear on regularly circulated US currency.

$20 bill: Andrew Jackson

The $20 currently in circulation carries Andrew Jackson's portrait. Redesigns featuring other historical figures have been proposed at various points, but the bill actually issued and used day to day still features Jackson.

$50 and $100 bills: Grant and Franklin

The $50 bill features Ulysses S. Grant. The $100 features Benjamin Franklin and is the highest denomination still printed and issued today.

Larger bills exist but are no longer issued

Denominations of $500, $1,000, $5,000, and $10,000 were printed for large interbank transactions in the past; the Federal Reserve stopped requesting new printings in the 1940s and began actively withdrawing them from circulation in 1969. They remain legal tender but are now rare collector items rather than everyday cash.

Coins: penny, nickel, dime, and quarter

The penny (1 cent) has featured Abraham Lincoln since 1909; the nickel (5 cents) features Thomas Jefferson; the dime (10 cents) features Franklin D. Roosevelt; and the quarter (25 cents) features George Washington on the front, with its reverse design rotating through several commemorative series. The US Mint struck its last circulating pennies on November 12, 2025, because each one cost more than its face value to make. Existing pennies remain legal tender, and a very large number are still in circulation.

Dollar coins exist but rarely circulate

The US has issued various one-dollar coins over time, including versions featuring Susan B. Anthony and Sacagawea, but paper $1 bills remain far more common in everyday use, so dollar coins can feel unfamiliar even to Americans.

Every US bill is the same size and mostly green

Unlike many countries' currencies, which vary bill size or color by denomination to make them easy to tell apart by feel or sight, all US paper currency is the same size and a similar green-toned design, which is why the portrait and printed number matter more than color for identifying a bill at a glance.

The $2 bill: Thomas Jefferson

The $2 bill features Thomas Jefferson and is still legal tender and still printed. It is rarely seen in everyday use, so many people assume it was discontinued, and some hold on to it as a keepsake instead of spending it.

The half dollar: John F. Kennedy

The 50-cent coin has carried John F. Kennedy's portrait since 1964. It is a legal-tender coin, but it is seldom used in daily transactions and you are more likely to see it from a bank than from a cash register.

The back of each bill shows a landmark

The $1 shows the Great Seal, the $5 the Lincoln Memorial, the $10 the Treasury Building, the $20 the White House, the $50 the US Capitol, and the $100 Independence Hall. Looking at the back is another quick way to identify a bill.

Bills are cloth, not paper

Federal Reserve notes are printed on a blend of 75 percent cotton and 25 percent linen, which is why they survive laundering better than ordinary paper. A single note weighs about one gram.

How long a bill lasts depends on its denomination

According to Federal Reserve estimates from May 2025, a $1 note lasts about 7.2 years, a $5 about 5.8, a $10 about 5.7, a $20 about 11.1, a $50 about 14.9, and a $100 about 24 years. Small bills wear out faster because they change hands more often.

Security features to check on a bill

Larger bills have features that are easy to test: a watermark visible against light, a security thread, color-shifting ink on the numeral, and on the $100 a blue 3-D security ribbon. Feel for the slightly raised printing, tilt the bill to see the color change, and hold it to the light to see the watermark and thread.

Why a $20 redesign keeps getting delayed

US currency redesigns go through years of security-feature development, production retooling, and government review, and past proposed redesigns have been repeatedly pushed back across different administrations for a mix of practical and political reasons. Because of that, it is safest to treat any specific announced redesign as "proposed" rather than assume it has actually happened until it is confirmed in circulation.

Why all US bills look so similar

The uniform size and green coloring trace back to historical printing and security decisions made generations ago; changing it now would require redesigning enormous amounts of cash-handling infrastructure, from vending machines to bank counting equipment, which is a major reason the look has stayed fairly consistent even as security features like watermarks and color-shifting ink have been added.

Using the penny change in daily life

With new pennies no longer being made, many stores round cash totals to the nearest nickel while still charging exact amounts on cards. Whether rounding is required, permitted, or restricted depends on state law and store policy, so there is no single nationwide rule. Pennies you have are still money, and banks and many stores accept them.

Spotting a fake without special equipment

The quick checks take about ten seconds: feel the texture of the printing, look at the portrait watermark by holding the note to a light, tilt it to see the color-shifting numeral, and look for the thread. A bill that fails these checks should be handed to a bank or police rather than passed along, since knowingly spending a counterfeit note is a crime.

Frequently Asked Questions

Are $500 or $1,000 bills still legal to use?

They remain legal tender in theory, but they were withdrawn from circulation decades ago and are now almost never seen outside of collections, so in practice they are not usable currency.

Why is there no $3 bill or other odd denomination?

US currency denominations were standardized long ago around a set of values that divide evenly for everyday transactions and change-making; odd denominations were historically tried in some eras but never became part of the standard modern lineup.

What is the difference between a "note" and a "bill"?

They refer to the same thing β€” US paper currency is officially called a Federal Reserve Note, while "bill" is simply the everyday word Americans use for the same piece of currency.

Will the $20 bill definitely change to a new design soon?

Not on any confirmed timeline. Redesigns have been proposed and delayed multiple times, so the bill actually in circulation and accepted everywhere today is still the current Andrew Jackson design.

Is the $2 bill rare or valuable?

Not usually. Most $2 bills are worth face value, and the $2 is still being printed. Only particular old series, star notes, or bills in uncirculated condition may be worth more to collectors.

Why do some stores not take $100 bills?

Stores are allowed to set their own policies on large bills, mainly out of concern about counterfeits and the amount of change in the till. A refusal is not a legal problem, since acceptance of any particular payment is up to the business.

What should I do with a damaged or torn bill?

A bill that is torn or worn can often be exchanged at a bank. If more than half of the original note remains and it can be identified, it is generally eligible for replacement, and severely damaged currency can be sent to the Bureau of Engraving and Printing for evaluation.